The 1600s
1602, Aymar de Clermont de Chaste is appointed Vice-Admiral of France by King Henri IV and is commissioned to colonize New France. He is given a fur-trade monopoly and creates the Canada and Acadia Company. 1603, Samuel de Champlain makes his first voyage to North America under the authority of the Canada and Acadia Company to set up fur trade and enforce a monoploy. On this voyage, he creates a map of the St. Lawrence river. Upon his return to France, he learns de Chaste has died, and the King has named Champlain as de Chaste's successor as Vice-Admiral. Champlain's friend, Pierre du Gua de Monts, is made Lieutenant General of Acadia and is now in charge of the fur trade monopoly. Also in 1603, the reign of Elizabeth I ends in England. 1604, Champlain and de Monts set sail for the New World with plans of establishing a permanent settlement. After a deadly encounter with the Iroquois, they land at the western shore of Nova Scotia near present-day Annapolis where they decide to stay. The following year, Champlain founds Port Royal, which becomes the first permanent French settlement in Canada. 1606, the Canada and Acadia Company goes bankrupt and the de Monts Trading Company is formed with de Monts, Champlain, and Francois Grave du Pont who was de Chaste's representative in New France. The company is granted the fur trade monopoly. 1608, Champlain sets sail up the St. Lawrence to establish a post further inland. He reaches l'Ile de Orleans and creates a new settlement he calls Kebec (Quebec), the Algonkin name for "where the river narrows." ? men stay with Champlain at Quebec during the winter of 1608 - 1609. When the relief ship returns in June, only eight of the 28 have survived. One of the survivors is Etienne Brule, Champlain's indentured servant to whom Champlain refers as "my boy."
1609, Samuel de Champlain sends Etienne Brule (some say he escaped Champlain) to live with the Huron to learn their language and trade routes. The monopoly granted to the de Monts Trading Company is not renewed, and the company folds. De Monts forms a partnership with the Rouen Merchants. Henry Hudson is commissioned by King James I of England to find the Northwest Passage. Galileo first hears of the new instrumet called the telescope and quickly sets about constructing one of his own. 1610, Henry Hudson sets sail on The Discovery. He explores what is now Hudson Bay and becomes ice locked in James Bay. John Guy receives a commission from King James I of England to begin a colony in the New World, and the Company of Adventurers and Planters of London and Bristol also known as the Newfoundland Company is established. Guy creates the first English settlement in the New World when he arrives at Cuper's Cove (present-day Cupid's Cove) in Newfoundland. 1611, the crew of The Discovery mutinies when Henry Hudson wants to continue his search for the Northwest Passage. He, his son, and seven others are set adrift in Hudson Bay. 1618, Etienne Brule arrives at the shores of Lake Superior. 26 December 1620, the passengers of the Mayflower land at Plymouth. 26 February 1623, Mathurin Thibodeau is born in France. 1627, King Louis XIII of France forbids settlement in New France by anyone other than Roman Catholics. 1633, after publishing in 1632 his book, The Dialogue, which - the Church charges - supports the Copernican theory that the Earth revolves around the sun and not the other way around, Galileo is put on trial by the Inquisition. 1634, John Winthrop writes that smallpox has killed off the local native population and has made the way clear for European settlement. Also in 1634, Jean Nicolet travels through the Great Lakes to Green Bay and claims land for France. 1636, Harvard College, the first in British North America, is founded. 1630's, furs are regularly leaving New France for Europe, and the Sauk, Fox, Potawtomi, and Ojibwe begin moving into the area that is now Wisconsin. Abt. 1641, Alexandre Turpin is born in Normandie, France. Also in 1641, The League of the Iroquois declares war on New France. 27 April 1644, Mathurin Thibodeau and Catherine Avrard are married in France. 1646, fourteen women are hanged in Massachusetts and Connecticut after accusations of witchcraft. 1648, the Peace of Westphalia, a general settlement ending the Thirty Years War, marks the end of the Holy Roman Empire as an effective institution and begins the modern European state system. The treaty lays to rest the idea of the Holy Roman Empire having secular domination over the entire Christian world; the nation-state is now the highest level of government, subservient to no others. The German states (about 360) are given the right to exercise their own foreign policy but cannot wage war against the Holy Roman Emperor. The empire as a whole, however, can still wage war and sign treaties. Among the many territorial adjustments, France is given all of Alsace except Strasbourg and Mulhouse. 1653, the population of Quebec is now 2,000. 7 January 1654, Jaques Beauvais StGemme and Jeanne Solde are married in Montreal. The partnership produces a daughter, Charlotte Beauvais StGemme. 1657, Poland surrenders its sovereignty over Ducal Prussia which becomes the Kingdom of Prussia headed by the Hohenzollern line. 1659, Pierre Esprit Raddison and Medard Chouart, Sieur des Grosseiliers make an unlicensed trip to the interior and begin trading at Chequamagon Bay on Lake Superior. When they return with over 100 loaded canoes, the fur is taken from them and they are fined for not having a license. Angry, they decide to work for the English. 21 February 1661, Marie-Marthe Thibodeau is born to Mathurin and Catherine Thibodeau in Montreal. 1665, The Plague decimates London. March 1666, Iroquois warriors force Commander Daniel de Remy Courcelle to cancel his winter campaign. Also in 1666, Isaac Newton discovers gravity, and a census conducted during the winter of 1665-1666 shows a population of 3,215 French people in New France. 1668, backed by Prince Rupert, Raddison and Grosseiliers lead two English merchant ships into Hudson Bay from the north, eliminating the necessity of traveling by land from the St. Lawrence region. 1670, the Hudson Bay Co. is chartered and claims all lands that drain into the Hudson Bay. About this time, the Dakota drive the Huron and Ottowa out of the western Great Lakes. 9 April 1673, Jean Boursier Lavigne and Marie-Marthe Thibodeau are married in Montreal. Also in 1673, Louis Joliet and Jesuit Father Jaques Marquette use the Fox and Wisconsin rivers to reach the Mississippi. 1673, Joliet and Marquette become the first Europeans to journey down the Mississippi. 1679, Daniel Greysolon, Sieur Du Luth reaches the interior of what is now Minnesota and Mille Lac. He claims the entire region for Louis XIV. About this time, the Ojibwe are moving from eastern Lake Superior to the area around Chequamagon, taking the place of the Huron and Ottowa and alliing themselves with the Dakota for trade. 1680, Father Louis Hennepin, a priest sent by LaSalle to explore the upper Mississippi, is shown and names the Falls of St. Anthony. 1682, Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle travels through the Great Lakes and down the Mississippi to its delta and claims all lands drained by the Mississippi and its tributaries for France. 30 October 1684, Alexandre Turpin and Charlotte Beauvais StGemme are married in Montreal (his second marriage). 23 November 1685, Jean-Baptiste Turpin is baptized in Montreal. His parents are Alexandre and Charlotte Tupin. 1687 Sir Isaac Newton publishes Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy. 1689, war breaks out between France and England and interrupts trade as far west as what is now Minnesota. 1692, witch trials claim twenty lives in Salem, Massachusetts. 1696, New France closes all its western fur posts and abandons trade for 20 years. Illegal traders keep operations. Also in 1696, Peter the Great is made sole Czar. 1698, slave trading is legalized by the British Parliament beginning the "triangle of trade" from New England to Africa to the Caribbean Islands and back to New England.
I thought it might be interesting to place the records of our ancestors within an historical context. Hopefully, you'll find it interesting too! This chronology is collected from many internet sources located with Google searches. I did not author this history; I assembled it. Ancestors are highlighted with bold text. Any brown, underlined text is a link to an image documenting an event in our ancestor's life. Any black, bold text is an ancestor's event needing an image. If you have hard copy or an image file (jpg or other) that could be included for those events, please consider contributing it.
The 1860s - See part 2 of 2 coming soon
The 1900s - See part 2 of 2 coming soon
Census images - See part 2 of 2 (coming soon) for census years in black
1870 Census 1880 Census 1900 Census 1910 Census 1920 Census 1930 Census
The First Nations
Thousands of years ago (perhaps 28000 BCE), aboriginal people from Asia cross a land bridge between Asia and North America (near present-day Alaska) and become the first human inhabitants of North America. 9000 - 8000 BCE, Hurons (originally known as the Wendat) settle into what is now southern Ontario, concentrated between Lake Simcoe and Georgian Bay. With most of the land still covered in glaciers, the Wendat hunt caribou to survive. 8000 BCE, the Bering land bridge is submerged as ocean levels rise at the end of the Ice Age. 6000 BCE, the Plains Indians build cultures around the buffalo. Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump, near present-day Lethbridge, Alberta is a famous hunting ground which was in use for 5,000 years. 4000 BCE, Ice Age mammals become extinct, and a hunter-gatherer culture develops on the Plains. 800 BCE, glaciers recede and weather warms. The Hurons become farmers, cultivating corn. 500 BCE - 1000 AD, In the plains, are Blackfoot, Blood, Sarcee, and Peigen. In the northern woodlands are the Cree and Chipwyan. Around the Great Lakes are the Annishnaube, Algonquin, Iroquois, and Wendat (Huron). Most of North American has been populated by humans. They have named the four corners of the universe Denendeh, Us-Qui, Nunavut, and Kanata. By 500 AD, an extensive transcontinental trade network exists, and evidence of it - obsidian, copper, pearls and other materials - is left in Ohio Valley Hopewell burial mounds. About 1000 AD, Vikings explore the east coast - what is now Newfoundland and Labrador. Raids by original peoples force them to abandon their attempts to settle.
The 1700s
1700, Protestant Germany accepts the Gregorian calendar introduced by the papacy in 1582. 24 July 1701, Detroit, Michigan is founded. 15 January 1703, Etienne Vivier Ladouceur Lamadeleine and Marie-Jeanne Boursier Lavigne are married in Montreal. 3 September 1707, Jean-Baptiste Turpin is born (illegitimate) at Lachine to Jean-Baptiste Turpin and Marie-Marguerite Presseau Chambly. Also in 1707, a new Kingdom of Great Britain is created as the Acts of 1707 merge Great Britain and Scotland. 1712, the Fox close the trade route of the Fox and Wisconsin Rivers. 1716, New York City require midwives to be licensed. 13 August 1717, Marie-Louis Lamadeleine is born. 1718, the French establish New Orleans. 1730, the Fox Wars end, the Fox having been nearly exterminated by the French and their Indian allies.
1731, Benjamin Franklin begins publishing Poor Richard's Almanack. 26 February 1732, Jean-Baptiste Turpin and Marie-Louise Lamadeleine are married at Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue. 25 January 1736, Joseph-Marie Turpin is Christened at Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Ile de Montreal, Quebec. Parents are Jean-Baptiste and Marie-Louise Turpin. Also in 1736, the truce between the Dakota and Ojibwe is broken when the Dakota go to war against both the Ojibwe and the French. The Ojibwe - with larger numbers, more fire arms, and French advice - succeed in driving the Dakota out of the eastern woodlands and west of the Mississippi within 50 years. 1738, French fur trader Pierre de la Verendrye arrives among the Mandans of the upper Missouri River, becoming the first European to enter what is now North Dakota. 1754, The French and Indian War begins (aka the Seven Years War). 11 February 1760, Joseph-Marie Turpin and Marie-Anne Rouleau are married at Ste. Genevieve. Also in 1760, the reign of George III begins in England, and the British capture Montreal during the French and Indian War. With New France conquered by the British, all trading rights and privileges become British. 1762, France cedes its colonial territories west of the Mississippi to its ally Spain to compensate for the loss of Cuba, Florida, Minorca, and the Phillipines to the British in the French and Indian War. 8 October 1763, Joseph-Marie Turpin, son of Joseph-Marie and Marie Turpin and grandson of Jean-Baptiste Turpin, is baptized at Ste. Genevieve. Also in 1763 - at the end of the French and Indian War - France surrenders its Canadian lands to Britain with the Treaty of Paris. Britain wins claim to what is now eastern North America (east of the Mississippi River) and Canada, including what is now eastern Minnesota. 1764, Auguste Chouteau, a fourteen-year-old from a wealthy New Orleans family, begins clearing a site for St. Louis, a new trading post on the Mississippi near the mouth of the Missouri. Also in 1764, the Sugar Act passes British Parliament, lowering duties to sugar imports to the American colonies but mandating their enforcement. Boston lawyer, James Otis, urges the colonies to resist "taxation without representation." 1765, Alexander Henry receives exclusve rights to trade on Lake Superior and builds a post at Chequamagon with his partner, Jean Baptiste Cadotte. 1767, British traders are allowed to establish wintering posts among the Indians, and a permanent structure is begun at Grand Portage. 1773, Boston men disguised as American Indians throw 242 chests of tea into Boston Harbor to protest new laws on tea importation. 1774, the western Great Lakes and all land north of the Ohio River become part of Quebec.
Early Exploration and Settlement
1420, Basque whalers begin fishing off the coast of Labrador. Who are the Basque?
Where is Labrador? 1492, Christopher Columbus sails for Spain and lands in the Carribean. By this time, the people of the West form approximatley 240 distict tribal groupings and speak an estimated 300 different languages. 1493, Spain gains control of virtually all of North and South America when Pope Alexander VI (a Spaniard by birth) issues a decree which establishes of an imaginary north-south line 100 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands. Spain is to have any unclaimed territory west of the line, and Portugal is to have any unclaimed territory east of the line. The line is reestablished at 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands a year later with the Treay of Tordesillas. 1497, John Cabot reaches the North American mainland which he claims for England. The following year, he is lost at sea during his second attempt to reach the New World.
1502, England records its first shipment of fish from the New World. 1504, a small fish-processing village is established at present-day St. John's, Newfoundland. It is used by all the major European countries who fish the Grand Banks. 1507, in Rome, a world map shows the eastern coast of Canada including Hudson Bay. Newfoundland is marked as Terra Nova (New World).
1523, Giovanni da Verrazzano claims the New World on behalf of King Francois I of France and names the land Nova Gallia (New France). He also names Acadia. 1525, diseases from Europe sweep through the Andes, killing thousands including the Inca. 1530, the Augsburg Confession, the central document in the Lutheran reformation, is presented to Charles V, Holy Roman Emporer, who had called upon Princes and Free Territories of Lutheran confession in Germany to explain their religious convictions. Also in 1530, Ivan IV (Ivan The Terrible), the first czar of Russia is born. 24 July 1534, Jaques Cartier lands at present-day Gaspe, Quebec, plants a cross, and claims the territory for France. He kidnaps the sons of Iroquoian Chief Donnacona - Dom Agaya and Taignoagny - to take them back to France as proof of the New World. The name Canada is born when Cartier uses the name Kanata on maps and in journals. 1535, Jaques Cartier makes his second voyage to the New World, returning with the sons of Chief Donnacona. With Dom Agaya and Taignoagny as guides, Cartier sails into the Gulf a St. Lawrence and is shown the St. Lawrence River. He also is shown the Iroquoian villages of Stadacona (present-day Quebec) and Hochelaga (present-day Montreal). He returns to France the following spring (having been stranded over the winter) taking Dom Agaya, Taignoagny, and their father Chief Donnacona with him. 9 June 1537, Pope Paul III proclaims that since the Sauvages (Indians) are real humans, they are apt to receive the Christian faith. 1541, Jaques Cartier makes his third voyage to the New World and attempts a settlement, founding Charlesbourg-Royal at the mouth of the Cap Rouge River. Iroquoians - enraged over the recent death of Chief Donnacona in France - keep the settlement under siege throughout the winter, forcing Cartier to abandon it. 24 May 1543, Nicolaus Copernicus, the first astronomer to suggest the Earth and rest of the planets circle the sun, dies in Poland. 1544, The Basque build a trading post and fish processing plant at Tadoussac at the mouth of the Saguenay River. 1582, England adopts the Gregorian Calendar, and as a result, October 4 is followed by October 15.
1776, during the American Revolution, colonists loyal to the British seek refuge in Canada. 1778 to 1779, the Dakota and Ojibwe are fighting for control of the St. Croix Valley, and traders avoid the area. 30 April 1781, George Washington is inaugurated in New York. 19 October 1781, the British surrender. 1782, the Dakota no longer have any villages north of St. Anthony Falls and a small pox epidemic kills thousands throughout the Northwest. 13 January 1783, Joseph-Marie Turpin and Ursule Daoust are married at Ste. Genevieve, Ile de Montreal, Quebec. 3 September 1783, the Revolutionary War is formally ends with the signing of the Treaty of Paris. Also in 1783, Great Britain signs ancillary treaties with France and Spain as the Treaties of Versailles. January 1784, the North West Company is formed in Montreal to challenge the Hudson's Bay Company for control of the fur trade in the northern plains. Simon McTavish and the Frobisher brothers hold six of the company's sixteen shares. Grand Portage becomes the company's rendezvous point. Also in 1784, the threshing machine is invented. Abt. 1785, Joseph Turpin is born in Canada to Joseph-Marie and Ursule Turpin. 17 March 1785, Joseph Turpin is baptized at Ste. Genevieve. December 1787, Delaware, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey become the first three states of the US. Also in 1787, the U.S. Constitution is approved by the Constitutional Convention and is ratified by the states the following year. Also in 1787, an area ceded by Britain to the US with the Treaty of Paris is officially designated the Northwest Territory (formerly, the Old Northwest). The territory includes what is now the eastern part of Minnesota. The Northwest Ordinance sets guidelines for settlement on the American frontier, including the prohibition of slavery and a requirement to deal fairly with the Indians. Also in 1787, The Beaver Club is formed, a selective social organization of men who have wintered in Indian country. Abt. 1788, Michael Kilcool is born in Ireland, perhaps in or around Sligo. Also in 1788, Georgia, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maryland, South Carolina, New Hampshire, Virginia, and New York become states. 14 July 1789, the French middle class storm the Bastille starting the French Revolution. Also in 1789, Alexander Mackenzie searches for the North West Passages and instead reaches the Arctic Ocean, John Sayer builds a post on the St. Louis River, North Carolina becomes the 12th state, and the guillotine is invented. August, 1790, the first US Census enumerated. Also in 1790, the Franklin Stove is invented, and Rhode Island becomes the 13th state. View a map of the US in 1790 (click here).
1791, Alexander Henry sent a group of traders into the Ojibwe and Dakota war zone. The first year they trade at Leech Lake and the following at Red River. They go north and back to Grand Portage. Also in 1791, Vermont becomes the 14th state, Quebec is divided into Upper and Lower Canada by Britain, and the Bill or Rights is added to the US Constitution. 1792, George Washington is re-elected. Also in 1792, Kentucky becomes the 15th state. 1793, Alexander Mackenzie, a fur trader with North West Company, becomes the first white man to cross the North American continent. Abt. 1794, John Murphy's future wife, Elizabeth, is born.
15 December 1794, Nancy Duncan is born in Montgomery Cunty, Virginia. Also in 1794, Jay's Treaty gives reciprocal trading rights to British and American traders, allowing each to cross the border to trade. Abt. 1795, John Dennis and his future wife, Mary, are born. Also in 1795, Joseph Duchene (La Prairie) is employed by JS & Co. as a clerk in charge of Folle Avoine, and the XY Company is formed. 1796, John Adams is elected, and Tennessee becomes the 16th state. 18 September 1797, David Sartain and Henrietta Stanley are married in Knox County, Tennessee. Also in 1797, Charles Chaboillez, a fur trader with the North West Company, establishes Pembina, a trading post at the junction of the Pembina and Red Rivers in present-day North Dakota. Abt. 1798, Wright Sartain is born to David and Henrietta Stanley. 14 December 1799, George Washington dies at Mount Vernon. August 1800, the second US Census is enumerated. View a map of the US in 1800 (click here).
On this page: a little context, some perspective (part 1 of 2)
(part 2 of 2 is STILL under construction; I have three kids, and I'm just trying to get the laundry done)
ForeFolk
Dennis, Sheppard, Ohmann, Gardner, and Schmid Ancestors
The 1800s
1 January 1801, the 1800 Act of Union merges the Kindom of Ireland and the Kingdom of Great Britain to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Also in 1801, Thomas Jefferson is elected President. 1803, Louisiana is purchased from France (Louisiana Puchase); the US owns what is now the western part of Minnesota. Also in 1803, Ohio becomes the 17th state.
18 May 1804, Napoleon Bonaparte crowns himself Emporer. Also in 1804, Lewis and Clark begin their expedition, gas lighting is patented, and Thomas Jefferson is reelected. 1806, Lewis and Clark end their expedition. 17 November 1808, Ludwig Clamor Adolph Ohmann and Mar. Engel Dorothea Kemper are married in Essenger Berge, Germany. Also in 1808, John Jacob Astor forms the American Fur Company to compete with the North West Company of Canada, and the U.S. government moves Cherokee Indians who had attacked Tennessee settlers across the Mississippi to Arkansas. 1809, Nancy Duncan moves with her father from Virginia to Tennessee. Also in 1809, James Madison becomes President. 1810, the third US Census is enumerated, and the US population reaches 7.2 million. Also in 1810, John Jacob Astor forms the Pacific Fur Company to expand his fur trading empire to the Pacific coast. View a map of the US in 1810 (click here).
1811, the South West Company is formed. Summer 1812, Michael Kilcool and seventy other Selkirk recuits on board the Robert Taylor sail from Sligo Bay. Also in 1812, Wright Sartain and Nancy Duncan are married in Tennessee, Louisiana becomes the 18th state, and James Madison is reelected. Abt. 1814, Cecile Turpin is born at Lac des Esclaves. Also in 1814, the British capture Washington and Madison flees to Virginia, a machine called the camera obscura takes eight hours to take the first photograph, and the steam locomotive is designed. 19 June 1815, Napoleon is defeated at Waterloo. Also in June 1815, the Congress of Vienna concludes. The Congress of Vienna creates the German Federation and stipulates that the several hundred states existing in Germany prior to the French Revolution be replaced with thirty-eight sovereign states and four free cities. The German Federation includes the five large kingdoms of Austria, Prussia, Saxony, Bavaria, and Wurttemburg. Also, the return of Louis XVIII in France and Ferdinand VII in Spain is confirmed. 4 September 1815, Jobst Ohmann is born to L. Clamor Adolph and Mar. Engel Ohmann in Hanover (Germany). Also in 1815, the War of 1812 ends, and the US takes back lands that had been occupied by the British. The US forbids any foreign traders to operate in American territory, and the North West Company withdraws. 1816, James Monroe is elected, and Indiana becomes the 19th state. 5 May 1817, Carl Henr. Preckwinkel and Mar. Eleon. Hofmeyer are married in Essen. Also in 1817, Mississippi becomes the 20th state. 1818, John Sayer's old clerk, Joseph Duchene (La Prairie) begins working for the American Fur Co. and continues working for them until 1821. He is employed as a trader in charge of Folle Avoine. Also, Joseph Duchene (La Prairie), Jr. is employed by the American Fur Co. as a boatman for the Folle Avoine dept. Also in 1818, Britain cedes the northern strip of what is now Minnesota (bordering Canada), the 49th parallel is established as the border between Canada and the US, and Illinois becomes the 21st state. 22 February 1819, Joseph Turpin and Marie-Angelique Makwa, father and mother of Catherine and Cecile Turpin, are married at Ste. Benoit, Deux-Montagnes. Also in 1819, Joseph Duchene (La Prairie), Jr. is employed by the American Fur Co. as an interpreter, the stethoscope is invented, and Alabama becomes the 22nd state. 1820, Joseph Duchene (La Prairie), Jr. is employed by the American Fur Co. as an interpreter. Also in 1820, James Monroe is reelected without opposition, and Maine becomes the 23rd state. August 1820, the fourth US Census is enumerated. View a map of the US in 1820 (click here).
20 August 1821, Nicholas Losleben is born. Also in 1821, the North West Co. and the Hudson Bay Co. merge under the name Hudson Bay Co., and Missouri becomes the 24th state. 30 November 1822, Elisabeth Preckwinkel is born to Carl Henr. and Mar. Eleon. Preckwinkel in Essen. Also in 1822, Joseph Duchene (La Prairie), Jr. is employed by the American Fur Co. as a trader. Between 1812 and 1823, John Gardner is born in Kentucky. 1824, trade in the Snake River area is described as very poor, and John Q. Adams is elected by the House over Andrew Jackson. 1825, Duane Porter is born, and Fort Snelling (originally Fort St. Anthony) is completed. 4 July 1826, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson die on the same day, the 50th anniversary of the adoption of the Declaration of Independence. 5 August 1826, four of Joseph Duchene/LaPrairie's children (or his children's spouses or children) - Joseph Duchene Jr., Isabella Duchene Dingley, Susan Duchene Conner, and John Baptiste Duchene - are given sections in the 1826 Treaty with the Chippewa. Also in 1826, Engel Kemper Ohmann dies in Hanover (Germany), and Mary Murray is born in Ireland. 1827, modern matches are invented, and Beethoven dies. 1828, Andrew Jackson is elected. Abt. 1829, Moses Murphy is born in Missouri, and Mary Murray arrives in US. 22 July 1829, Michael and Cecilia Kilcool bury their deceased, newborn daughter, Marie, at St. Boniface. Abt. 1830, Joseph Coursolle is born in unorganized territory. Also in 1830, L. Clamor Ohmann dies in Hanover (Germany). 1 June 1830, the fifth US Census is enumerated. View a map of the US in 1830 (click here).
24 March 1831, Adam Sachs is born in Germany. 1832, Andrew Jackson is reelected. Abt. 1833, Mary LaPrairie is born. Also in 1833, the American Fur Co. abandons its posts along the border in exchange for an annual cash payment from Hudson Bay Co. 1 September 1834, 28-year-old Elard Kulenkamp of Hessia arrives in New York from Bremen on the Barque Constiturion. Also in 1834, Wright and Nancy Sartain move their family from Tennessee to Missouri, settling in Chariton Township. Between 1830 and 1835, Jane Kilcool is born to Michael and Cecile Kilcool in Canada. Abt 1835, Joseph Dennis is born to John and Mary Dennis, and Almarinda Murphy is born to John and Elizabeth Murphy in Missouri. 15 April 1835, George Goodwin is born in Maine. 27 August 1836, Joseph Prokosch is born in Bohemia/Austria. 26 November 1836, Peter Entinger is born in Germany. Also in 1836, missionaries arrive at Lake Pokegama, the revolver is invented by Samuel Colt, the propellor is invented, Martin Van Buren is elected President, Arkansas becomes the 25th state, and Wisconsin Territory - which includes what is now Minnesota - is established. Abt. 1837, Margaret Sartain is born to Wright and Nancy Sartain in Missouri. Also in 1837, the Ojibwe sign a treaty giving Folle Avoine to the US. While they are supposed to move to the Crow Wing River, some family groups remain in the St. Croix Valley. Also in 1837, the reign of Queen Victoria begins in England, the telegraph is invented by Samuel Morse, revolts in Upper and Lower Canada against the government fail, and Michigan becomes the 26th state. 24 September 1837, Anna Koeck is born in Bohemia/Austria. 10 October 1837, Charlotte Kulenkamp is born to Elard and Catharine Kulenkamp in Michigan. 1838, Morse Code is invented by Samuel Morse. 20 April 1840, Father Lucien Galtier boards a steam boat for Fort Snelling. This is the beginning of the founding of the Church of St. Peter. Also in 1840, the Union Act is passed uniting Upper and Lower Canada. 1 June 1840, the sixth US Census is enumerated. View a map of the US in 1840 (click here).
St. Peter's Precinct, Second District, Clayton County, Iowa Territory, Philander Prescot, Gideon H. Pond, Samuel W. Pond, Norman W. Kittson, Henry H. Sibley, Jean B. Faribault, H. Faribault, Oliver Faribault, D. Faribault, Louis Martin, Joseph Laframbois, Joseph Rainville Sr., Joseph Rainville Jr., Hypolite Dupuis, Henry Belland, among others. St. Peter's Precinct continued, Joseph Bourcier, the father of Joseph Coursolle's half sisters.
England, 1841: William and Elizabeth Sheppard, Frederick and Julia Morris
16 July 1840, Jobst Ohmann and Elisabeth Preckwinkel are married on the Essen Hill in Germany. Also in 1840, the post at Lake Pokegama is sold to a government sponsored farmer, and William Harrison is elected. 4 April 1841, William Harrison dies of pneumonia, and John Tyler becomes President. 2 October 1842, St. Peter's Chapel in Mendota is completed. Also in 1842, the American Fur Co. fails financially and is replaced by Pierre Chouteau and Co. of St. Louis. Also, the first grain elevator is built. 1843, Joseph Coursolle, son of Joseph Coursolle and Base-deche-xmiou, is baptized by Father Galtier. Also in 1843, the Northern Outfit is falling apart. Independent traders enter the area, and Henry Sibley sends in traders from the south. Also, scientists learn that conception occurs when the male sperm enters the female egg. Prior to this, it was assumed that men created life and women simply provided a home for it.
1844, James Polk is elected. 1845, Florida and Texas become states. 1845 - 1846, a series of bad harvests in Europe in the 1840s culminates in the Potato Blight of 1845 - 1846 and brings widespread misery and some starvation. 10 May 1846, Henry Ohmann is born to Jobst and Elisabeth Ohmann in Germany. Also in 1846, Iowa becomes the 29th state. 1848, Zachary Taylor is elected, and Wisconsin becomes the 30th state. 12 February 1849, Jacob Brenner is born in Germany. 3 March 1849, Minnesota Territory is established. Also in 1849, Adam Sachs arrives in the US, the Northern Outfit is sold and renamed the Northern Fur Co., and the safety pin is invented. 1 June 1850, the seventh US Census is enumerated. Also in 1850, the beaver hat is now out of fashion in Europe signaling the end of the fur trade. View a map of the US in 1850 (click here).
